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@article{Zhang2024Aerosol,

title = {Aerosol Components Derived from Global AERONET Measurements by GRASP: A New Value-Added Aerosol Component Global Dataset and Its Application},

author = {Xindan Zhang and Lei Li and Huizheng Che and Oleg Dubovik and Yevgeny Derimian and Brent Holben and Pawan Gupta and Thomas F. Eck and Elena S. Lind and Carlos Toledano and Xiangao Xia and Yu Zheng and Ke Gui and Xiaoye Zhang},

url = {https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/105/10/BAMS-D-23-0260.1.xml},

doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0260.1},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-14},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},

volume = {105},

number = {10},

pages = {E1822 - E1848},

publisher = {American Meteorological Society},

address = {Boston MA, USA},

keywords = {aerosol optical properties, Air pollution, algorithms, atmospheric composition, remote sensing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rs16203821,

title = {Retrieval of Solar Shortwave Irradiance from All-Sky Camera Images},

author = {Daniel González-Fernández and Roberto Román and David Mateos and Celia Herrero del Barrio and Victoria E. Cachorro and Gustavo Copes and Ricardo Sánchez and Rosa Delia García and Lionel Doppler and Sara Herrero-Anta and Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez and África Barreto and Ramiro González and Javier Gatón and Abel Calle and Carlos Toledano and Ángel Frutos},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/20/3821},

doi = {10.3390/rs16203821},

issn = {2072-4292},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-14},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {16},

number = {20},

abstract = {The present work proposes a new model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to retrieve solar shortwave (SW) irradiance via the estimation of the cloud modification factor (CMF) from daytime sky images captured by all-sky cameras; this model is named CNN-CMF. To this end, a total of 237,669 sky images paired with SW irradiance measurements obtained by using pyranometers were selected at the following three sites: Valladolid and Izaña, Spain, and Lindenberg, Germany. This dataset was randomly split into training and testing sets, with the latter excluded from the training model in order to validate it using the same locations. Subsequently, the test dataset was compared with the corresponding SW irradiance measurements obtained by the pyranometers in scatter density plots. The linear fit shows a high determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99. Statistical analyses based on the mean bias error (MBE) values and the standard deviation (SD) of the SW irradiance differences yield results close to ?2% and 9%, respectively. The MBE indicates a slight underestimation of the CNN-CMF model compared to the measurement values. After its validation, model performance was evaluated at the Antarctic station of Marambio (Argentina), a location not used in the training process. A similar comparison between the model-predicted SW irradiance and pyranometer measurements yielded R2=0.95, with an MBE of around 2% and an SD of approximately 26%. Although the precision provided by the SD at the Marambio station is lower, the MBE shows that the model’s accuracy is similar to previous results but with a slight overestimation of the SW irradiance. Finally, the determination coefficient improved to 0.99, and the MBE and SD are about 3% and 11%, respectively, when the CNN-CMF model is used to estimate daily SW irradiation values.},

keywords = {all-sky camera, Antarctica, cloud modification factor, convolutional neural network, shortwave global horizontal irradiance, sky images},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{gonzalez2024CCNeural,

title = {A neural network to retrieve cloud cover from all-sky cameras: A case of study over Antarctica},

author = {Daniel González-Fernández and Roberto Román and Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez and Victoria E. Cachorro and Gustavo Copes and Sara Herrero-Anta and Celia Herrero del Barrio and África Barreto and Ramiro González and Ramón Ramos and Patricia Martín and David Mateos and Carlos Toledano and Abel Calle and Ángel Frutos},

url = {https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/qj.4834},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4834},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-08-28},

journal = {Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society},

volume = {n/a},

number = {n/a},

abstract = {Abstract We present a new model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict daytime cloud cover (CC) from sky images captured by all-sky cameras, which is called CNN-CC. A total of 49,016 daytime sky images, recorded at different Spanish locations (Valladolid, La Palma, and Izaña) from two different all-sky camera types, are manually classified into different CC (oktas) values by trained researchers. Subsequently, the images are randomly split into a training set and a test set to validate the model. The CC values predicted by the CNN-CC model are compared with the observations made by trained people on the test set, which serve as reference. The predicted CC values closely match the reference values within ±$$ ± $$1?oktas in 99% of the cloud-free and overcast cases. Moreover, this percentage is above 93% for the rest of partially cloudy cases. The mean bias error (MBE) and standard deviation (SD) of the differences between the predicted and reference CC values are calculated, resulting in MBE=0.007$$ mathrmMBE=0.007 $$?oktas and SD=0.674$$ mathrmSD=0.674 $$?oktas. The MBE and SD are also represented for different intervals of measured aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponent values, revealing that the performance of the CNN-CC model does not depend on aerosol load or size. Once the model is validated, the CC obtained from a set of images captured every 5?min, from January 2018 to March 2022, at the Antarctic station of Marambio (Argentina) is compared against direct field observations of CC (not from images) taken at this location, which is not used in the training process. As a result, the model slightly underestimates the observations with an MBE of ?$$ - $$0.3?oktas. The retrieved data are analyzed in detail. The monthly and annual CC values are calculated. Overcast conditions are the most frequent, accounting for 46.5% of all observations throughout the year, rising to 64.5% in January. The annual mean CC value at this location is 5.5?oktas, with a standard deviation of approximately 3.1?oktas. A similar analysis is conducted, separating data by hours, but no significant diurnal cycles are observed except for some isolated months.},

keywords = {AI, all-sky camera, Antarctic, cloud cover, convolutional neural network, image identification},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Graßl2024,

title = {From Polar Day to Polar Night: A Comprehensive Sun and Star Photometer Study of Trends in Arctic Aerosol Properties in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard},

author = {Sandra Graßl and Christoph Ritter and Jonas Wilsch and Richard Herrmann and Lionel Doppler and Roberto Román},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/19/3725},

doi = {10.3390/rs16193725},

issn = {2072-4292},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-22},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing},

volume = {16},

number = {19},

abstract = {The climate impact of Arctic aerosols, like the Arctic Haze, and their origin are not fully understood. Therefore, long-term aerosol observations in the Arctic are performed. In this study, we present a homogenised data set from a sun and star photometer operated in the European Arctic, in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, of the 20 years from 2004–2023. Due to polar day and polar night, it is crucial to use observations of both instruments. Their data is evaluated in the same way and follows the cloud-screening procedure of AERONET. Additionally, an improved method for the calibration of the star photometer is presented. We found out, that autumn and winter are generally more polluted and have larger particles than summer. While the monthly median Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) decreases in spring, the AOD increases significantly in autumn. A clear signal of large particles during the Arctic Haze can not be distinguished from large aerosols in winter. With autocorrelation analysis, we found that AOD events usually occur with a duration of several hours. We also compared AOD events with large-scale processes, like large-scale oscillation patterns, sea ice, weather conditions, or wildfires in the Northern Hemisphere but did not find one single cause that clearly determines the Arctic AOD. Therefore the observed optical depth is a superposition of different aerosol sources.},

keywords = {aerosol optical depth, Angstrom Exponent, Arctic Haze, long-range transport, long-term AOD observations, polar aerosol, seasonal trends},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Almansa2024b,

title = {The Langley ratio method, a new approach for transferring photometer calibration from direct sun measurements},

author = {A. F. Almansa and Á. Barreto and N. Kouremeti and R. González and A. Masoom and C. Toledano and J. Gröbner and R. D. García and Y. González and S. Kazadzis and S. Victori and Ó. Álvarez and F. Maupin and V. Carreño and V. E. Cachorro and E. Cuevas},

url = {https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/659/2024/},

doi = {10.5194/amt-17-659-2024},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-26},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques},

volume = {17},

number = {2},

pages = {659–675},

keywords = {calibration transfer, Langley ratio method, photometer calibration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{atmos15060635,

title = {The Recovery and Re-Calibration of a 13-Month Aerosol Extinction Profiles Dataset from Searchlight Observations from New Mexico, after the 1963 Agung Eruption},

author = {J.C. Antuña-Marrero and G.W. Mann and J. Barnes and A. Calle and S.S. Dhomse and V.E. Cachorro and T. Deshler and Z. Li and N. Sharma and L. Elterman},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/6/635},

doi = {10.3390/atmos15060635},

issn = {2073-4433},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Atmosphere},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

abstract = {The recovery and re-calibration of a dataset of vertical aerosol extinction profiles of the 1963/64 stratospheric aerosol layer measured by a searchlight at 32°N in New Mexico, US, is reported. The recovered dataset consists of 105 aerosol extinction profiles at 550 nm that cover the period from December 1963 to December 1964. It is a unique record of the portion of the aerosol cloud from the March 1963 Agung volcanic eruption that was transported into the Northern Hemisphere subtropics. The data-recovery methodology involved re-digitizing the 105 original aerosol extinction profiles from individual Figures within a research report, followed by the re-calibration. It involves inverting the original equation used to compute the aerosol extinction profile to retrieve the corresponding normalized detector response profile. The re-calibration of the original aerosol extinction profiles used Rayleigh extinction profiles calculated from local soundings. Rayleigh and aerosol slant transmission corrections are applied using the MODTRAN code in transmission mode. Also, a best-estimate aerosol phase function was calculated from observations and applied to the entire column. The tropospheric aerosol phase function from an AERONET station in the vicinity of the searchlight location was applied between 2.76 to 11.7 km. The stratospheric phase function, applied for a 12.2 to 35.2 km altitude range, is calculated from particle-size distributions measured by a high-altitude aircraft in the vicinity of the searchlight in early 1964. The original error estimate was updated considering unaccounted errors. Both the re-calibrated aerosol extinction profiles and the re-calibrated stratospheric aerosol optical depth magnitudes showed higher magnitudes than the original aerosol extinction profiles and the original stratospheric aerosol optical depth, respectively. However, the magnitudes of the re-calibrated variables show a reasonable agreement with other contemporary observations. The re-calibrated stratospheric aerosol optical depth demonstrated its consistency with the tropics-to-pole decreasing trend, associated with the major volcanic eruption stratospheric aerosol pattern when compared to the time-coincident stratospheric aerosol optical depth lidar observations at Lexington at 42° N.},

keywords = {LIDAR, searchlight, stratospheric aerosol, tropospheric aerosol},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Toledano2024,

title = {LIME: Lunar Irradiance Model of ESA, a new tool for absolute radiometric calibration using the Moon},

author = {C. Toledano and S. Taylor and Á. Barreto and S. Adriaensen and A. Berjón and A. Bialek and R. González and E. Woolliams and M. Bouvet},

url = {https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/3649/2024/},

doi = {10.5194/acp-24-3649-2024},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},

volume = {24},

number = {6},

pages = {3649–3671},

keywords = {ESA, LIME, lunar irradiance, moon, radiometry},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Herrero-Anta2023,

title = {Retrieval of aerosol properties from zenith sky radiance measurements},

author = {Sara Herrero-Anta and Roberto Román and David Mateos and Ramiro González and Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez and Marcos Herreras-Giralda and Antonio Fernando Almansa and Daniel González-Fernández and Celia Herrero del Barrio and Carlos Toledano and Victoria Eugenia Cachorro and Ángel Máximo de Frutos},

url = {https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/16/4423/2023/},

doi = {10.5194/amt-16-4423-2023},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-09},

urldate = {2023-10-09},

journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques},

volume = {16},

number = {19},

pages = {4423–4443},

abstract = {This study explores the potential to retrieve aerosol properties with the GRASP algorithm (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties) using as input measurements of zenith sky radiance (ZSR), which are sky radiance values measured in the zenith direction, recorded at four wavelengths by a ZEN-R52 radiometer. To this end, the ZSR measured at 440, 500, 675 and 870?nm by a ZEN-R52 (ZSRZEN), installed in Valladolid (Spain), is employed. This instrument is calibrated by intercomparing the signal of each channel with coincident ZSR values simulated (ZSRSIM) at the same wavelengths with a radiative transfer model (RTM). These simulations are carried out using the GRASP forward module as RTM and the aerosol information from a co-located CE318 photometer belonging to AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) as input. The dark signal and the signal dependence on temperature are characterized and included in the calibration process. The uncertainties for each channel are quantified by an intercomparison with a co-located CE318 photometer, obtaining lower values for shorter wavelengths; they are between 3?% for 440?nm and 21?% for 870?nm. The proposed inversion strategy for the aerosol retrieval using the ZSRZEN measurements as input, i.e. so-called GRASP-ZEN, assumes the aerosol as an external mixture of five pre-calculated aerosol types. A sensitivity analysis is conducted using synthetic ZSRZEN measurements, pointing out that these measurements are sensitive to aerosol load and type. It also assesses that the retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) values in general overestimate the reference ones by 0.03, 0.02, 0.02 and 0.01 for 440, 500, 675 and 870?nm, respectively. The calibrated ZSRZEN measurements, recorded during 2.5 years at Valladolid, are inverted by the GRASP-ZEN strategy to retrieve some aerosol properties like AOD. The retrieved AOD shows a high correlation with respect to independent values obtained from a co-located AERONET CE318 photometer, with determination coefficients (r2) of 0.86, 0.85, 0.79 and 0.72 for 440, 500, 675 and 870?nm, respectively, and finding uncertainties between 0.02 and 0.03 with respect to the AERONET values. Finally, the retrieval of other aerosol properties, like aerosol volume concentration for total, fine and coarse modes (VCT, VCF and VCC, respectively), is also explored. The comparison against independent values from AERONET presents r2 values of 0.57, 0.56 and 0.66 and uncertainties of 0.009, 0.016 and 0.02?µm3?µm?2 for VCT, VCF and VCC, respectively},

keywords = {aerosol inversion, AOD, GRASP, zenith sky radiance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Añel2023,

title = {Documenting the Impacts of Climate Change on the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Atmospheric Drag of Space Objects},

author = {Añel, J. A. and I. Cnossen and J. C. Antuña-Marrero and G. Beig and M. K. Brown and E. Doornbos and R. García and L. Gray and D. R. Marsh and S. Osprey and M. G. Mlynczak and S. M. Mutschler and P. Pišoft and V. Sofieva and P. Šácha and L. de la Torre and S.R. Zhang},

url = {https://www.sparc-climate.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2023/08/SPARCnewsletter61Jul23.pdf},

issn = {1245-4680},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

journal = {SPARC Newsletter},

number = {61},

pages = {22},

keywords = {GHG},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Salgueiro2023,

title = {Characterization of Tajogaite volcanic plumes detected over the Iberian Peninsula from a set of satellite and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation},

author = {V. Salgueiro and J. L. Guerrero-Rascado and M. J. Costa and R. Román and A. Cazorla and A. Serrano and F. Molero and M. Sicard and C. Córdoba-Jabonero and D. Bortoli and A. Comerón and F. T. Couto and M. Á. López-Cayuela and D. Pérez-Ramírez and M. Potes and J. A. Muñiz-Rosado and M. A. Obregón and R. Barragán and D. C. F. S. Oliveira and J. Abril-Gago and R. González and C. Gíl-Díaz and I. Foyo-Moreno and C. Muñoz-Porcar and M. J. Granados-Muñoz and A. Rodríguez-Gómez and M. Herreras-Giralda and J. A. Bravo-Aranda and C. V. Carvajal-Pérez and A. Barreto and L. Alados-Arboledas},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425723002353},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113684},

issn = {0034-4257},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-13},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},

volume = {295},

pages = {113684},

abstract = {Three volcanic plumes were detected during the Tajogaite volcano eruptive activity (Canary Islands, Spain, September–December 2021) over the Iberian Peninsula. The spatiotemporal evolution of these events is characterised by combining passive satellite remote sensing and ground-based lidar and sun-photometer systems. The inversion algorithm GRASP is used with a suite of ground-based remote sensing instruments such as lidar/ceilometer and sun-photometer from eight sites at different locations throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Satellite observations showed that the volcanic ash plumes remained nearby the Canary Islands covering a mean area of 120 ± 202 km2 during the whole period of eruptive activity and that sulphur dioxide plumes reached the Iberian Peninsula. Remote sensing observations showed that the three events were mainly composed of sulphates, which were transported from the volcano into the free troposphere. The high backscatter-related Ångström exponents for wavelengths 532–1064 nm (1.17 ± 0.20 to 1.40 ± 0.24) and low particle depolarization ratios (0.08 ± 0.02 to 0.09 ± 0.02), measured by the multi-wavelength Raman lidar, hinted at the presence of spherical small particles. The layer aerosol optical depth at 532 nm (AODL532) obtained from lidar measurements contributed between 49% and 82% to the AERONET total column AOD at 532 nm in event II (11–13 October). According to the GRASP retrievals, the layer aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AODL440) was higher in all sites during event II with values between 0.097 (Badajoz) and 0.233 (Guadiana-UGR) and lower in event III (19–21 October) varying between 0.003 (Granada) and 0.026 (Évora). Compared with the GRASP retrievals of total column AOD at 440 nm, the AODL440 had contributions between 21% and 52% during event II. In the event I (25–28 September), the mean volume concentrations (VC) varied between 5 ± 4 ?m3cm?3 (El-Arenosillo/Huelva) and 17 ± 10 ?m3cm?3 (Guadiana-UGR), while in event II this variation was from 11 ± 7 ?m3cm?3 (Badajoz) to 27 ± 10 ?m3cm?3 (Guadiana-UGR). Due to the impact of volcanic events on atmospheric and economic fields, such as radiative forcing and airspace security, a proper characterization is required. This work undertakes it using advanced instrumentation and methods.},

keywords = {ceilometer, GRASP algorithm, LIDAR, Satellite remote sensing, Sulphur dioxide, sun-photometer, Volcanic sulphates},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Montero-Martín2023,

title = {Reconstruction of daily global solar radiation under all-sky and cloud-free conditions in Badajoz (Spain) since 1929},

author = {Javier Montero-Martín and Manuel Antón and José Manuel Vaquero and Roberto Román and Javier Vaquero-Martinez and Alejandro J. P. Aparicio and Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo},

url = {https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/joc.8042},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8042},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-16},

journal = {International Journal of Climatology},

volume = {n/a},

number = {n/a},

abstract = {Abstract This work analyses the long-term temporal variability of the annual and seasonal series of reconstructed global solar radiation for both all-sky and cloud-free conditions in Badajoz (Spain) over the 1929–2015 period. Specifically, daily values of global horizontal irradiation (GHI) for all-sky cases are derived from a semiempirical method based on the relationship between the cloud modification factor and sunshine duration records. Additionally, cloud-free situations are selected using cloud cover (CC) information recorded by surface observations. Regarding GHI linear trends for all-sky conditions, three periods are clearly identified: during the 1929–1950 period, there is a positive and statistically significant trend of +4.18?W·m?2·decade?1. It is followed by a significant dimming with a trend of ?3.72?W·m?2·decade?1 between 1951 and 1984. GHI levels increase again from 1985 to 2015 with a statistically significant trend of +2.04?W·m?2·decade?1. The seasonal trends are found to be statistically significant only in summer for all the three subperiods. With the goal to find out the possible causes of the reconstructed GHI trends, the temporal variability of the CC was also analysed. It was observed that CC has a statistically significant negative trend between 1985 and 2015 which may partially explain the GHI increase shown for this period. In contrast, not statistically significant trends were found in the annual and seasonal CC series before 1985. The long-term evolution of the GHI under cloud-free conditions exhibits the same pattern as all-sky conditions: an increase during 1929–1950, followed by a decrease in 1951–1984 and then a new increase from 1985 to 2015. Therefore, the positive (negative) linear trends in GHI reported in this study could be partially related to a decrease (increase) in the aerosol load during the analysed three subperiods.},

keywords = {atmospheric aerosols, cloud cover, dimming/brightening, early instrumental data, surface solar radiation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Barja2023,

title = {Surface shortwave cloud radiative effect of cumulus and stratocumulus-cumulus cloud types in the Caribbean area (Camagüey Cuba, 2010-2016)},

author = {Barja, B. and Rosas, J. and Cachorro, V. E. and Toledano, C. and Antuña-Marrero, J. C. and Estevan, R. and de Frutos, A.},

editor = {Atmósfera},

doi = {10.20937/ATM.52858},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {36},

volume = {(1)},

pages = {41–56},

abstract = {The effects of cumulus (Cu) clouds and the combination of stratocumulus-cumulus (Sc-Cu) clouds on solar radiation at the Earth’s surface were evaluated at Camagüey, Cuba, during a 6-yr period (from June 2010 to May 2016). Two methods to calculate the cloud radiative effect (CRE) were employed. The first method (CREm) uses solar irradiances in cloudy conditions from actinometric observations, where cloud information was also reported by visual observation. In the second method (CRE0) surface solar irradiances were estimated for both cloudy and clear sky conditions using a 1-D radiative transfer model, and cloud optical depth (COD) retrieved from an AERONET sun-photometer as the main input. A temporal correspondence criterion between COD retrievals and actinometric observations was performed in order to classify the COD of each cloud type. After the application of this criterion, the COD belonging to the optically thin clouds was removed. Finally, 255 and 732 COD observations for Cu and Sc-Cu, respectively, were found. Results show a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level between CRE calculated for Sc-Cu and Cu, using both methods. Mean values of CREm and CRE0 for Cu (Sc-Cu) were ?442 (?390) and ?460 (?417) Wm–2, respectively. CRE0 shows a linear relation with ln(COD), with stronger correlation at a lower solar zenith angle. The shortwave cloud effect efficiency (CEE) for the two cloud types sharply decreases with the increase of the COD value up to 20. For larger COD, the CEE is less sensitive to the increase of COD.},

keywords = {cloud effect efficiency (CEE), cloud effects on solar radiation (CRE) at surface, cloud optical depth (COD), cumulus and stratocumulus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Bazo2023,

title = {Evaluation of the vertically-resolved aerosol radiative effect on shortwave and longwave ranges using sun-sky photometer and ceilometer measurements},

author = {Elena Bazo and María J. Granados-Muñoz and Roberto Román and Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda and Alberto Cazorla and Antonio Valenzuela and Ramiro González and Francisco José Olmo and Lucas Alados-Arboledas},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809522005038},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106517},

issn = {0169-8095},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Atmospheric Research},

volume = {282},

pages = {106517},

abstract = {The aerosol radiative effect (ARE) is one of the atmospheric components still affected by large uncertainty. One of the causes is related to the fact that the longwave (LW) component is usually neglected, even though it is necessary for an accurate quantification of the ARE together with the shortwave component (SW). In this study we have developed a methodology based on the GAME (Global Atmospheric Model) radiative transfer model (RTM) that allows to obtain the radiative effect of the atmospheric aerosol for both spectral ranges in an automated way. The microphysical and optical properties necessary to feed the RTM have been obtained through the GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) algorithm, with the combination of ceilometer and sun-sky photometer data. Data measured in Granada (Spain) during 2017 have been used for the evaluation and implementation of this methodology. According to the results, the ARE in the SW spectral range (ARESW) varies between 0 and ? 50 Wm?2 for most of the data, whereas the ARE in the LW range (ARELW) varies between 0 and 5 Wm?2, at heights near the surface. In general, the obtained results agree with those found in the literature, with negative values in the SW range (cooling effect) and positive values in the LW (heating effect). The seasonal analysis shows that, for both components, the ARE is more important during the spring and summer seasons, when the aerosol load is greater, as expected. The analysis of the aerosol heating rate (AHR) shows positive values in the SW and negative values in the LW range. The majority of the AHRSW data varies between 0 and 1 Kd?1 during the year whereas the AHRLW does it between 0 and ? 0.15 Kd?1. The seasonal analysis of the AHR shows that the greater monthly average values are found during spring, however there is not much variability along the year, with the exception of February, under the effects of an extreme dust intrusion. The mineral dust particles in this event cause an ARESW of ?130 Wm?2 and an ARELW of 23 Wm?2 (ARELW/ARESW = 17%), thus pointing out that the LW component should not be neglected for coarse mode particles. Additionally, it is observed that the vertical distribution of the aerosol layers strongly influences the ARE and the AHR obtained profiles, affecting the way the atmospheric cooling/heating occurs in the vertical coordinate.},

keywords = {aerosol radiative properties, ceilometer, GAME, GRASP, Longwave radiative effect, Sun-sky photometer},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}